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Demography
Demography
New Zealand has a population of about 4.3 million,[iv] of which approximately 78% identify with European ethnic groups.
New Zealanders of European descent are collectively known as Pākehā; this term generally refers to New Zealanders of European descent but some Māori use it to refer to all non-Māori New Zealanders.
Most European New Zealanders are of British and Irish ancestry, although there has been significant Dutch, Dalmatian, Italian, and German immigration together with indirect European immigration through Australia, North America, South America and South Africa.
According to the 2001 census projections, by 2021 European children will make up 63% of all New Zealand children, compared with 74% in 2001.
The fertility rate as of February 2008 was 2.2 per woman, compared to approximately 2 for the previous 30 years, with the total number of births higher than at any point since 1961.
The life expectancy of a child born in 2008 was 81.9 years for a girl, and 77.9 years for a boy.
Indigenous Māori people are the largest non-European ethnic group, accounting for 14.6% of the population in the 2006 census.
While people could select more than one ethnic group, slightly more than half (53%) of all Māori residents identified solely as Māori.
People identifying with Asian ethnic groups account for 9.2% of the population, increasing from 6.6% in the 2001 census, while 6.9% of people are of Pacific Island origin.
While the demonym is New Zealander, New Zealanders informally call themselves Kiwis.
New Zealand is also a predominantly urban country, with 72.2% of the population living in 16 main urban areas and more than half living in the four largest cities of Auckland, Hamilton, Wellington and Christchurch.
New Zealand immigration policy is relatively open; its government is committed to increasing its population by about 1% annually.
In 2004–05, a target of 45,000 was set by the New Zealand immigration Service.
Twenty-three percent of the population was born overseas, one of the highest rates in the world.
At present, immigrants from the United Kingdom and Ireland constitute the largest single group, accounting for 29% of those born overseas but immigrants are drawn from many nations, and increasingly from East Asia (mostly mainland China, but with substantial numbers also from Korea, Taiwan, Japan, and Hong Kong).
Until 1987, English was New Zealand's only official language, and remains predominant in most settings; Māori became an official language under the 1987 Māori Language Act and New Zealand Sign Language under the 2006 New Zealand Sign Language Act.
The two official spoken languages are also the most widely used; English is spoken by 98% of the population and Māori by 4.1%.
Samoan is the most widely spoken non-official language (2.3%),[v] followed by French, Hindi, Yue and Northern Chinese.
New Zealand has an adult literacy rate of 99%, and 14.2% of the adult population has a bachelor's degree or higher.
For 30.4% of the population, some form of secondary qualification is their highest, while 22.4% of New Zealanders have no formal qualification.
Source: CIA Factbook, Wikipedia
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